Official
The first fire in Edo and the roof of tile roofing
It is written as follows in "Keicho era Kanmonshu" entitled "About tile roofing Edomachi".
"When Ieyasu entered Edo, the town prospered and the number of houses increased, but everyone was easy to burn with a grassrooted roof. On December 2, 1601, at the time of the Snake (around 10:00 am), a fire was set out from the house of Yukinojo in Surugacho, and a whole town in Edo was burned. At the magistrate's office, this was because the whole town was a grassroots, and at this time the roof was told that the roof would be plated. While all the newly built houses were plate-roofed, Yajibee Takiyama in Honmachi 2-chome thought of building a better house than anyone else, and half facing the road was tile roofing, and the back half was plated, so no one said it was Yajibei of Hangawara. This was the beginning of the tiled roof in Edo.
Honmachi 2-chome is a town on the north side of Surugacho according to the figure of Edosho, Toshima-gun, Bushu in 1633. The south of Surugacho is a shopping street such as Aomono-cho, Shiomachi and Nabe-cho, and it is a seaside. This was the first great fire in Edo, driven by the southeast wind.
Records of the Great Fires in Edo
Considering the history of the great fires of the Edo period, mainly in Surugacho, we have encountered about 23 large fires in 277 years. Surugacho has been burnt quite a few times.
1601: The first great fire in Edo
On the night of January 29, 1641, a fire broke out from Okemachi = Yaesu 4-chome and Kyobashi 1-chome in the Tohoku region of Kaji-bashi Bridge.
On January 18, 1657, a fire broke out from Honmyoji Temple, 5-chome Hongo. → Furisode fire (the largest fire in the Edo period)
It is famous for the children's play words, "Where is the fire in Maruyama?" → The fire occurred around 2:00 pm from Tokueizan Soji-in Honmyoji Temple in Hongo Maruyama (currently relocated to Sugamo 5-chome, Toshima-ku, formerly located near Kikuzaka, Hongo 5-chome, Bunkyo-ku). From Hatchobori to Rei Itsukushima, Tsukuda Island and Ishikawajima Island. Since the fire source is "Maruyama", such play words could have been made.
This is an introduction to the ukiyo-e of the Great Fire of the Meiryaku era in the Edo Fire Map scroll.
The fire broke out 105 times between January 2 and March 24, 1659.
On February 1, 1688, a fire broke out from the water of Ochanomizu, a fire broke out from Ushigome at the same time, and a fire on three sides from Tenryu-ji Temple in Ichigaya became larger.
The Enpo era is safe.
In 1698, a fire broke out from Minaminabe-cho, Shimbashi.
On December 11, 1711, a fire broke out from Renjakucho, Kanda Province.
In 1717, a fire broke out from Kanda Daikumachi.
Genbun, Kanpo, Enkyo era, and Kanen era, there was no fire for 40 years.
A fire broke out from Daien-ji Temple in Meguro Gyojinzaka Tendai sect in 1772. → The fire after the furisode fire in 1657
In 1786, a fire broke out from a peony Nagaya in front of the back gate of Yushima Tenjin. → From Mikumicho to Kanda-dori Street, from Odawara-cho to Koamicho to Sakahao to Fukiya-cho to spread fire from Temmacho to Hamacho and Fukagawa.
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Note: Mikumicho: After Ieyasu Tokugawa passed away in Sunpu in 1616, the middle, dwarf, and palanquin groups, who were gokenin with Ieyasu, returned to Edo and were given this area in the territory of Gorta, Toshima County as a residence. It was called Surugacho after Sunpu, but in 1696, the construction of a merchant house was allowed, and the name was changed to Mikumicho after three sets of gokenin. In the Meiji era, it became Yushima Mikumicho, Hongo Ward, Tokyo, and in 1947, it became a member of Bunkyo-ku.
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Kansei and the Kyowa era were safe.
In 1806, a fire broke out from Shibashari-cho, and the fire spread from Nihonbashi to Tokiwa Bridge Gomonuchi, Muromachi and Honmachidori west from Kamakura-cho to Mikawacho.
On February 1, 1824, a fire broke out from a tea pickle shop in Mikawacho, Kanda Province. At this time, the fire spread to Nihonbashi, but the balustrade of Arafu-bashi Bridge opened to the left and right, and some people who fell into the river drowned.
During the Tenpo era (1830-1844), a fire broke out from a samurai area north of Katamachi, Koishikawa in 1846. The fire spread from Kanda to Eitai Bridge via Nihonbashi, Tsukuda Island, and Minami Hatchobori, but Honganji was safe.
During the Kaei era (1848-54), it was safe, but in 1854, a fire broke out from the house of Mikawaya Hanjiro, a dry shop on the north side of Kandatacho. The fire spread from the northwest wind to the north to the Nihonbashi area. The fire spread to 101 towns, 11 towns in length, and 4 towns in width and 40 square meters in width.
In November 1858, a fire broke out from Wakabayashi-yashiki in Kandaaioicho. The fire spread from Nihonbashi to Kyobashi.
In 1863, a fire broke out from Mitsui Kifuku store in Surugacho, and it burned between 40 square meters in two towns and a half a town in width.
In 1864, a fire broke out from four houses in Honshiroganemachi. Three towns of fire spread. It has a width of about 2 towns.
September 1868 became 1868.
Reference:
1) Nihonbashi Surugacho Originki (out of print): Kiichiro Okano, the third president of Suruga Bank, drafted by Suruga Real Estate Co., Ltd.
Editing and publishing cooperation: Chuo Koron Business Publishing
2) Excerpt from Chuo-ku Tourism Association Correspondent Blog "Big Fire and Nagasakiya" (Blog name yaz)