3. What is "Edokko"?
（１） The definition of "Edokko" by Kyoden Santo
The definition of "Edo kid" is famous according to Kyoden Santo (1761-1816), and "I saw the killer whale of Edo Castle and made tap water as a hot spring," "I don't have any money for evening," "Food and play tools are luxury," "Edo's Haenuki," and "Iki and Hari are satisfied with the real estate." The original text of Kyoden Santo's "Community Somagaki" is as follows (Iwanami Shoten, 1958, Vol. 59 of the Nihon Classical Literature, Vol. 59, "Yellow Cover Stylish Book," Iwanami Shoten, 1958).
"Look at the golden fish tiger (Shachihoko), bathe the tap water in a hot spring, grow up at the knee, eat the rice of Ogamizuki, and eat the nanny parasol (Onba Hikarakasa) In the long (person), the gold and silver Sasago Hajiki, and Mutsuyama Mochi no Yamaku. The water of the corner is also in the middle of the water, and the Daimon hits the corner mansion in Honmachi. From the root bone of Edokko (Kojiya Bone), the middle of the Japanese chopsticks that spans all things, if you look at it, you will be able to enter the Shinkaze and the new road of Isecho (Isete), enter the service population, and enter the public population.・ ・ Alan's hae planting is always available on the black lattice.
When I first read these Edokko conditions, I noticed that the part of "bathing tap water in hot water" was stopped, and I wondered why "water supply" became the requirement of "Edokko". Was. In this regard, if you read Kafu Nagai's essay "Water of Well" (1876), you can understand the background well.
"It is a place for people to know that the water supply was called clean water in the Edo period, and that it was opened far away in the Meiryaku era. It is not surprising that there were two streams of Kanda and Senkawa in addition to Tamagawa in water supply. When I was a child, people around Otowa and Kohinata remember using Kanda Josui from the Edo period as it is. At the same time, in order to use the water supply at that time, he dug a well into a gutter where the water supply flowed, and pumped water in a bell tub attached to the tip of a bamboo pole.
Once upon a time in Edo, Josui had only flowed through the busy towns of Kyobashi, Ryogoku, and Kanda, and on the remote mountainside, even in places where it was in the passages of Josui, near Yotsuya and Sekiguchi, could not use it in a flood. Therefore, if you say that you are a man who uses hot water from tap water, you will be born in the busiest downtown area in Edo, and if you are not Kanda Myojin, you will be Sanno's shrine parishioner, so it is a place where you are proud of Edo Tsuko. (A long time ago, it was said that those who lived around Koishikawa, Ushigome, and around Akasaka Azabu will go to Edo when they go to downtown. ) "(Iwanami Edition Complete Works 17-32)
（２） Consideration of the creation of "Edokko"
According to Kafu Nagai's text above, even at the beginning of the Meiji era, "Those who lived around Koishikawa, Ushigome, and Akasaka Azabu said that they would go to Edo when they went to downtown." I understand. It is often said that "Edo kid born in Shiba and raised in Kanda", but as already mentioned, Kanda and even Shiba were not originally included in the area called "Edo". .
Mr. Yasaburo Ikeda explains as follows. ("Nihonbashi Private Note")
"Historically, if the Edo kid was born in the town of Edo under the knee of the general, the people in the former Nihonbashi and Kyobashi wards of Chuo-ku now form the center. In the very old days, both Kanda and Shiba were not Edo. Of course, Asakusa is also outside Edo. However, with the times, those who were born in Shiba and grew up in Kanda have also become Edokko, and the headquarters Fukagawa facing the river has entered Edo. "
And then
"Even if you preach the temperament about money, when targeting people who belong to the class of merchants, mainly in Honmachi in Edo, you must find the temperament of those who have stored dignifiedly, rather than not using the money of the evening. . It is dangerous to bring out the temperament from Edokko, a concept that appears in the world of lectures and rakugo. "
Regarding "Edokko", the book "Edokko" (Kikkawa Hirofumikan, 1980) is dedicated to the details, but Makoto Takeuchi's explanation in "Heibonsha Dai Encyclopedia" is simple and easy to understand. According to this, (quotation is based on DVD-ROM 1998 version).
"The word Edokko only appeared in the late 18th century in the Tanuma period (1760-86). (Note by the author; Kyoden Santo is 1761-1816) ... There are two possible opportunities. One is that during this period, economic fluctuations were intense, and among Edo townspeople, there was a remarkable change between those who were rich and those who fell and became poor. Probably, it can be said that the Edokko consciousness was established as the basis of the crisis awareness of the falling Edo townspeople = mental support. "
"In the Tanuma era, the upper large merchants with branches in Edo made a great deal of money and took control of the Edo business community, especially for Edo townspeople who were falling economically, the opposition to the "upper" was great. ・・ ・ ・ ・ ・ ・ It seems to be an overturning strength of economic inferiority against the superior who is good at money. "
"Another opportunity is that the poor farmers who could no longer eat in rural areas flowed into Edo more than ever before at this time. As a result, many people were born in the country in Edo. Moreover, the strong awareness of the birth of Edo-born "Michichi" grew in response to these "country people" taking advantage of the first Edo-style. "
Nishiyama says, "Edokko is not a specific entity that has a simple structure with a simple hierarchy, but has a double structure," and says, "Ora Edokko, who has been born mainly after the Kasei period, Edokko" (self-proclaimed Edokko), "The great husbands on the fish banks of Nihonbashi, the bills of Kuramae, and the bills of Shinkawa, and the merchants of the Edo town.
As a Kansai person, I felt a physiological disgust of the word "Edo kid" or race, and by Seiryo Kaiho (1755-1817), "Edo things are children's nasty, stupid, It's a culture that has sympathized and agrees with the theory of "Edo, the first time that should not be understood."
(end)
