Chuo-ku Tourism Association correspondent blog

There is a monument of "The Birthplace of Keio University" next to "Monument of the beginning of Dutch Studies".

Yukichi Fukuzawa, the head of Osaka and Suijuku, was invited to the Nakatsu clan Edo Nakayashiki, and opened the Dutch school in 1858 <1858>. This is the place where Keio University founded.

　The monument was established in 1958 to commemorate the 100th anniversary of its founding. This work is designed by architect Yoshiro Taniguchi, the same as "Monument of the beginning of Dutch studies". In this type of inscription, the famous "Heaven does not build people on people, does not build people under people" ("Recommendation of learning") is engraved on the left and right pages of the spread.

 

　In 1869, Fukuzawa praised the feat of Genpaku Sugita's "Langaku Beginning", who wrote the hardships of translation of "Dismantling Shinsho" by his predecessor Nakatsu clan doctor Ryotaku Maeno and Kohama clan doctor Genpaku Sugita. Will publish the book with a preface.

　In 1859, "Lan scholar" Fukuzawa went to Yokohama, which has just opened its port. And I was shocked that English was used in the area, and I was shocked that I could not understand Dutch at all, so I realized the need for English in the future and worked to learn this language.

　It was time for the delegation to the United States to ratify the Japan-U.S. Osamu Good Trade Treaty.
I was able to board the accompanying ship, Kanrin Maru as a servant of the warship magistrate, Kimura Settsu Morikiki. Fukuzawa, who had been in and out of the Katsurakawa family, Kuniko's house of Edo Dutch studies, gained a recommendation to Settsumori Kimura, a marriage relative to the Keisen family, with the help of this source. . It is natural that he has been friendly and friendly with Kaishu Kimura for a lifetime even after the Meiji period. On the other hand, Kaishu Katsu has badly negotiated from the time of boarding and cannot have good emotions throughout the day, and later in the theory of thinness (written in 1891, announced in 1891) he was greatly criticized for how to treat himself after the Meiji Restoration of Kaishu.

　After returning to Japan, Fukuzawa's Dutch school plans to convert to English school.

In 1862 <1862>, a delegation to European countries, headed by Morinori Takeuchi, was formed, accompanied by Foreign Minister Munenori Terajima, Genichiro Fukuchi, who started the Tokyo Nichi-Nichi Shimbun, and Shuhei Mitsukuri, to observe and hear the various systems of European countries and recognize the importance of introducing them to Japan.

　In 1867 <1867>, the Shogunate dispatched a mission to receive the warship "Mount Fuji" ordered from the United States. At this time, I will travel to the United States again as a member of the shogunate foreign magistrate translation.
I have already visited Europe and the United States three times during the late Tokugawa shogunate period.

Just before the Meiji Restoration, Yukichi Fukuzawa, who wrote "Western Situation", later wrote a brilliant footprint as a leading figure in the founding of modern Japan, a thinker, educator, Kaimei scholar, and enlightenment scholar who represented the Meiji era. Was carved in history.

　Fukuzawa Juku, a private school relocated to Shiba Shinsenza in April 1868, is named "Keio Gijuku".

 

Reference Book:　Kanae Iida "Yukichi Fukuzawa" Nakakou Shinsho
　　　　　　　　Yukichi Fukuzawa Works Vol. 12
　　　　　　　　"Fukuo Autobiography Fukuzawa Zensho Ogon", Keio University Press

 

 

 

 

　September 1793 (Kansei 5), 11th Shogun, Ienari, Maeronaka Shuza, Assistant General, Sadanobu Matsudaira and below

With the cabinet lining up, he stayed in Russia for 10 years of distress and drifting under isolation.

Have an audience with Ecaterina II in the capital city of Peterburg, to see and hear the conditions of the country.

The two Ise drifters, Kotayu Daikokuya and Isokichi, miraculously returned home, were at the Fukiage Imperial Palace in Edo Castle.

I was interrogated.

 

　As a result of various interrogations, Russia, which adopts the southern policy, has adopted Japan's society, culture, geography, etc.

It has been found that information has been collected in a wide range of areas, and it has been widely known in Russia.

The names of Japanese are Hoshu Katsuragawa and Junnan Nakagawa.

 

　When I heard the word "Katsuragawahoshu" emanated from the mouth of Kotayu.

The surprise and emotion of the fourth generation of the Katsuragawa family, Kunibata Hoshu (Kuniaki et al.) would have been astonishing.

　And when I found that the person who was interrogating and interrogating in front of me was Hoshu Katsuragawa;

Kotayu would not have been able to hide his surprise.

 

　The impression given to the Shogun Ienari is deep, and he gets compliments from around the ranks.

After that, this inquiry continued to be moved to other places and carried out in detail, and was carried out to the Shogunate and Hoshu.

We have provided a great deal of information.

 

　At a later date (1794), the results of this research will be fruitful in Hoshu Katsuragawa's "Kitasa Monsho".

 

　The Katsuragawa family has continued to play a sincere role as a shogun physician (oku physician) since then.

In Ichii, under a free, vigorous, warm family style, until the collapse of Tokugawa shogunate, he became a sect of Edo Dutch studies.

He protected the academic style of Dutch surgery and played a major role in the Edo Dutch studies.

 

Reference Book　：　Yukio Tozawa "Edo no peeks <West>" Educational Publishing
　　　　　　　　　Tsuneo Yamashita "Kotayu Daikokuya" Iwanami Shoten

 

 

 

In March 1771 (Meiwa 8), at the prison of Senju Kozukahara, the sinner was divided (dissection).
Ryotaku Maeno, Genpaku Sugita, and Junnan Nakagawa who attended the event were able to hide their surprises.
I didn't know.

"Tarher Anatomia" brought by the composition of the corpses that were well understood.
That's because it was as described.

　The next day, three people gathered at Ryotaku Maeno's residence in the Buzen Nakatsu clan's Nakayashiki in Tepposhu.
I am determined to translate this Dutch book.
 
　With the cooperation of many people, he spent more than three years in Yasunaga 3 (1774).
It was translated as "Dismantling Shinsho" and completed.
　The authors of the publication were Genpaku Sugita, a physician of the Echizen Obama clan, Junnan Nakagawa, and
There were four members: Hitotsubashi family physician Genjo Ishikawa, and Shogunate physician, Hoshu Katsuragawa. They are allies
There is no name of Ryotaku Maeno, who was the mainstay of translation. Imperfect in one theory
Because of the translation, Ryotaku Maeno is willing to publish it and willing to join the name.
It is said that this is the case.
 
　Hoshu Katsuragawa's father, Hogan, and 3rd generation Ho Mikuni Kunikun are in old knowledge with Genpaku Sugita.
In addition, through a political position as an Oku doctor, consideration for the ban on the Demolition Shinsho.
I think you have done it. The Katsuragawa family passed through the first generation, Hozuki Kunikyo, and the second generation, Hozuki Kunika.
As a physician, he had already gained great trust in the public family and in the depths.
　When publishing "Dismantling Shinsho", Dutch verb Yukizaemon Kouyu made a preface.
Naotake Onoda, the pioneer of Akita orchid painting, drew an anatomy.
 
　"The beginning of Dutch studies" is an overview of the Dutch studies world for about half a century when Genpaku Sugita was 83 years old.
The hardships of the translation of "Tarher Anatomia", the people around the Dutch studies world
This is a retrospective of writing character reviews.

　　84 years after the translation of "Tarher Anatomia", Osaka in 1858 (Ansei 5).
The Nakatsu clan clansman and Yukichi Fukuzawa, who were the head of the cram school, was ordered by the clan to study Dutch studies in the area.
I will open a private school.
 
　"The Land of Orchid Studies" is a modern era that celebrated its 150th anniversary in 2008.
It is also the birthplace of Keio University, the oldest private school in Japan.
 
　　　　Reference Book　：　Kazuo Katagiri, "Genpaku Sugita, the beginning of Dutch studies"　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　Kodansha Academic Library

 

 

 

　The Dutch inn, Edo Nagasakiya, has been running for more than 200 years from the Kanei era to Kaei 3 (1850).

It was the only window for trade and cultural exchange open to the West in Edo under isolation.

　For this reason, Katsushika Hokusai (Ukiyo-e artist in the late Edo period from 1760 to 1849) drew in "Eimoto Toyu".

The curious common people and samurai, as they were, gathered in front of Nagasakiya to see a stranger in red hair at a glance.

Or stop the other lines.

 

 　During this period, exchanges with other countries were made through the Tsushima Domain, Korea Communications Envoy (12 times of traffic) and Satsuma domain.

Through the Ryukyu Mission (18 times), exchanges with the north and Ezochi through Matsumae clan, and exchanges in Nagasaki.

It was only a private trade with China.

　In particular, despite the benefits of a large number of artifacts brought by China's trade, it has spread to its frequency and future generations.

In terms of impact, trade and exchange with Dutch trading post (166 times) played an important role.

 

　The Dutch Capitan (Director of the Commerce Center), doctors, and verbs are held once a year (1790) for Edo Sanfu.

<1790> Once every four years) in spring, depart from Dejima in Nagasaki and travel to Osaka and Kyoto to Edo Nagasakiya.

I'll take the hotel.

　After staying at the station and Nagasakiya for about 20 days and having an audience with the generals and thanks to each Shogunate, many of them have been completed.

I had the opportunity for academic exchange and exchange of goods with Dutch scholars and cultural people.

　The Shogunate Astronomy, Kageyasu Takahashi, ophthalmologist Genseki Habu, Oku Doctor Hoshu Katsuragawa, "Tarher Anatomia"

Ryotaku Maeno, Genpaku Sugita, Junnan Nakagawa, etc., as well as Dutch daimyo, also visited many every day.

 

　Meanwhile, on the Dutch trading post side, three doctors, Campel, Tunberry and Siebold, are Edo Sanfu.

Remarked "Edo Sanfu Travel Diary", "Edo Sanfu Zouyuki", and "Edo Sanfu Noriyuki", respectively.

Japan's society and culture during the Genroku era, Yasunaga period, and Bunsei period were widely introduced to the world.

 

　Among them, Siebold in Bunsei 9 (1826) actively collects materials and information and human resources.

I plan to expand exchanges and extend my stay as much as one day. As a result of the work, stay in Nagasakiya

From the usual 20th to 33rd, the total number of days between Dejima and Edo was extended from 3 months to 5 months.

I spread it. The total number of capitan members exceeded the prescribed 59, to 107.

 

　However, in 1828, when he returned to Japan, a prohibited item was found in the collected items, and the following year, the following year.

Siebold provided Tadataka Ino's "All Map of the Coastal Sea of Japan" in connection with the deportation of the country.

Kageyasu Takahashi, Genseki Habu, and more than a dozen others who transferred Aoi's mourning clothes given by the Shogun were severely punished.

I did it. (Siebolt incident)

　After that, Siebold was expelled by the Treaty of Commerce and Industry of Osamu Ranch, concluded in 1858.

The following year, he returned to Japan in 1859 and became a foreign adviser to the Shogunate.

 

　The following year, i.e., in 1860, it was made in the Netherlands following the U.S. mission (Majo Envoy, Toyomae Morimasaoki Niimi).

The accompanying ship "Kanrin Maru" is a warship magistrate, Moriki Kimura, Rintaro Katsu, Yukichi Fukuzawa and Manjiro Nakahama.

And finally crossed the Pacific Ocean.

 

  Since then, the times have steered greatly toward the opening of the country, crossing the turbulent waves of the late Tokugawa shogunate.

 

　　　　　　　　　　Reference Book　：　Kazuo Katagiri "Is Edo still a isolation?" Kikkawa Hirobunkan　　

 

 

 

Chuo-ku changed its city phase from the mid-1930s.
On the occasion of the Tokyo Olympics held in October 1964.
This is because the river was reclaimed for the construction of the Metropolitan Expressway.
The Tsukiji River was also reclaimed in 1962.

However, Yukio Mishima (1914-1945) announced it at the end of 1956.
With the honorable mention "Hashizukushi", you can see the atmosphere of this area around the past.
In this short story, Chuo-ku government office (before rebuilding), St. Luke hospital, etc.
Buildings such as Tsukiji Honganji are depicted.
Other landscapes, customs, and customs are completely different from the present.

The story tells the story of seven bridges over the Tsukiji River, where four women wish.
It is said that if you can cross safely without any problems, your wish will come true.
It has a suspense structure.
There are seven bridges that need to be crossed, but in fact they are.
Miyoshi Bridge, Tsukijibashi, Irifune Bridge, Akatsuki Bridge, Sakae Bridge (this bridge is not currently available),
It's 6 of Bizen Bridge.
However, since Miyoshi Bridge is a three-way bridge, you can change the course and cross it twice.
I'm supposed to have crossed two bridges.

 

In front of Irifune Bridge, one person could not proceed further due to abdominal pain.
The second person was called out by an acquaintance on Akatsuki Bridge.
And the third person may commit suicide at the last Bizen Bridge.
You will be stopped by a misidentified police officer and will be forced to speak.
The three of them will not be able to fulfill their wishes according to old rules.
The last remaining one successfully crosses the seven bridges and succeeds in making a wish.
Each of the three who have fallen has a concrete and earnest wish.
But what was the only woman, wish, a woman who fulfilled her prayer?
It will not be revealed during the work.
In addition, the unexpectedness of the woman is unexpected, and it is the taste of the work.

By the way, the setting of the four people is from the Katsura family in Ginza Itajindo.
2 geishas (42 years old Koumi, 22 years old Kanako),
A boxed girl (22 years old) of Shimbashi's restaurant Yonei,
And one month ago, I was a woman who came from Tohoku.

In addition, one of the films that faithfully reflect the background of this era.
It is "Flowing" (Toho's work in 1956) by the master craftsman Mikio Naruse.
The stage is around Yanagibashi, but it is the human pattern of the Hanayanagi world at that time.
The atmosphere is captured with a calm and relaxed camerawork.

 

 

 

Nihonbashikabutocho is a mecca in the Japanese financial industry, where banks and securities companies are concentrated, including the Tokyo Stock Exchange. One part of this is the Kabuto-cho branch of Megabank Mizuho Bank.
The nameplate of "Bank Birthplace" is posted on the wall of the building.

 
If you follow the source of Mizuho Bank, the origin is (Daiichi Kangyo Bank ⇒ Daiichi Bank ⇒ Imperial Bank ⇒ Daiichi National Bank).

The Daiichi National Bank was founded in June 1873 by Eiichi Shibusawa (Tempo 11 to 6), a businessman representing the industry in the Meiji era, with the funds of Mitsui Gumi and Onogumi. This is the first bank in Japan that was founded in accordance with the Bank Ordinance (established in 1872).

In 1869, Eiichi Shibusawa, who received a resignation from the new government and a regular appointment of the Ministry of Finance's tax, decided to decline in view of his background as a former Shogunate, and decided to directly convey his intention, in order to directly convey his intention, he was a powerful person of the Ministry of Finance.
Visit a private residence at Tsukiji of Daisuke Okura and Shigenobu Okuma (Tempo 9-11).
However, we agree with the strong participation and enthusiasm of young Okuma in the formation of a new nation, and accept the entry.
For three and a half years, the ministry has been involved in the formulation of a number of policies, including the enactment of the National Bank Ordinance, but over the issue of budgeting, Toshimichi Okubo (Bunsei 13-11) led by Toshimichi Okubo (Bunsei 13) - May 1873, Shimono was Shimotsuke in May 1873.

After retiring, he was involved in the establishment of a number of companies and organizations in the business world as a private person, laid the foundation for the development of the Japanese business community, and later worked extensively as a social entrepreneur, until he retired in 1916, he continued to take over the lead of Daiichi National Bank (the first bank when he retired) for over 40 years.

Eiichi Shibusawa played a major role as a leader in the formation and promotion of the modern Japanese nation.