Official

Later, Honda's Shosho Tsunemasa, the first Ishide sword, served Ieyasu Tokugawa at the end of Tensho (around 1590).
He was given the last name of "Hoshiike" when he was assigned to the Daigosho as a permanent soldier, but he was allowed to apply for the old address "Ishide" as his last name.

When Ieyasu entered Edo, the remnants of Takeda and Hojo were pirated in various places, and Ieyasu ordered him to magistrate, saying, "It must be the fierce warrior of Yutake like Ishide who will hold prisoners." The beginning of this post.
It seems that it was originally a position established as a countermeasure against remnants.

Site of Edo Temmacho execution site

Rokutaka was 300 bales and his position was close to the power of the town magistrate's office, with 50 prison concentrics (later 58) and 30 prison men (later 38). Was.
Because of that, he was regarded as an unclean role, so he was able to climb the castle himself and did not interact with the Shogunate.
However, this view of prison magistrate was established after the middle of the Edo period, and it is said that there was no prejudice in the early days.

With the times, the law has been revised repeatedly to this day, but surprisingly, the rules of the era of Ishide swords in the law of Reiwa remain strong.
You can't believe it at all, don't you?

The rule was established exactly 365 years ago in the 3rd year of the Meiji era (1657), taking advantage of a certain event when the great fire of the Meiryaku era occurred.
With this great fire, the area of the current Chuo-ku is wrapped in flames, and while the fire is approaching at the Temmacho prison, Ishide Otokichika, who served as a prison magistrate at the time, took a very bold emergency measure. .
Without the permission of the boss, the town magistrate, and the older man, the older man, he released the prisoner on his own ("cut off")!
Instead, when the fire calms down, tell the prisoners to gather at Zenkeiji Temple in Asakusa, and those who return with their promises will be reduced, and if they escape, they will search to the end of the clouds and lose all their families. Declared.

Information board (Jisshi Park) for "Ishigaki of a prison that appeared from underground"

Even though it is a prisoner, the same person. It would have been painful to witness the burnt death.
If you were in the position of this Ishide sword, what kind of decision would you make?
Should we respond instantly and flexibly according to the situation, even at your own discretion, or should we always ask for your boss's opinion?
It's really a challenge that can be seen in modern times.

At the time of the great fire of the Meiryaku era, more than 120 prisoners were imprisoned in Temmacho prison.
Ryoi Asai's pseudonym that some of the prisoners temporarily released by Ishide swords, who decided that "If I blame, I should get angry." You can see from the pseudonymous grass "Musashi Abumi".
"Musashi Abumi" is published on the Waseda University Library's Old Books Comprehensive Database, and on page 13 of the scan data (HTML / JPEG / PDF version), people with their hands tied behind behind the prison. It depicts how they are put out, joined, and ran. (It's interesting, so please take a look!)

Jisshi Park, once home to the Temmacho prison.

In that way, the prisoners who ran from the prison went back the Sumida River to the area of Asakusa.
However, the gate was closed by a guard who found Akasaka who misunderstood that the prison was broken, and evacuees from Nihonbashi lost their place.
In addition, people pushed by the crowd coming from behind were dropped into the moat, and more than 23,000 people died in the area of Asakusa Gomon alone....。

Three days later, the fire was finally extinguished, and prisoners gathered at Zenkeiji, except for one or two fugitives.
Ishide Sword knows that the release of prisoners in prison is an overpass act, reports his actions to his boss in preparation for severe dispositions, and seeks to reduce the prisoners who returned. Was.
Then, with the help of Masayuki Hoshina, assistant to a young family member who just became a general at the time, there was no blame for the Ishide sword.

In addition, it has become customary to cut off when a prison is exposed to fire, and to be reduced if you return without escape!
This custom is also spelled out in the "Hyakujo", which is the second volume of the "Public Affairs Guidebook" compiled by the 8th Shogun Yoshimune Tokugawa in Kanpo 2 (1742).

Later Yoshida Shoin was imprisoned and ended at a nearby prison.

There were many fires during the Edo period, and the Temmacho prison was burned 13 times by the first year of Hiroka (1844), and some, like Chouei Takano, a Dutch scholar and doctor in late Tokugawa shogunate, fled to catch the fire.
The prisoners called "red cats" and waited for a fire, and some of them tried to ignite themselves and jailbreak.
The times went down, and in 1908, the Prison Law was promulgated.
Following the revision of the law and the current situation, the "Law Concerning the Treatment of Criminal Detention Facilities and Receivers" was enforced in 2005.

While many provisions in the Prison Law have been deleted, the conduct of Ishide Otokichi Fuka has become a precedent, and the rules that later became clear and legalized remain as follows.


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(Evacuation and release in the event of a disaster)
Article 83 The head of a penal institution shall, in the event of an earthquake, fire or other disaster, send the confinement to an appropriate place if there is no way to evacuate within a penal institution.
(2) In the case set forth in the preceding paragraph, if the subject cannot be escorted, the head of the penal institution may release the person from the penal institution. The same shall apply if an earthquake, fire, or other disaster cannot be escorted to an appropriate place to evacuate an inmate outside the penal institution.
(3) A person released pursuant to the provisions of the preceding paragraph shall appear at a place designated by the head of a penal institution or a penal institution immediately after the situation requiring evacuation is no longer necessary.

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Daianrakuji Temple, where the execution site was located in the Edo period.

By the way, the time to appear gradually changed from "within 3 days" in the Edo period, "within 24 hours" in the prison law of Meiji period, and "fastly" now.
If you know that during the great fire of the Meiryaku era, your own cuts have been adapted to the present age 365 years later, what do you think of Ishide Otokichi Fuka?
He is also committed to improving the environment of prisons by introducing lattices in all directions, improving the ventilation of prisons and providing prisons according to his status.
He seemed to have a high awareness of the human rights of inmates, and I think he was often appreciated by prisoners.

So, what was the general social evaluation?

Born in the first year of Genwa (1615), Ishide Otoyoshi Fuka (Joken) was also a scholar and poet representing the early Edo period.
In addition to the main business of prison magistrate, he wrote a waka book "Sukiishisho" from his 30s to 60s.
He also learned about the Shinto of Inberyu from Confucian scholar and military scholar Soko Yamaga, and told the Confucian scholar and Shinto priest Ansai Yamazaki.

He was not a person who was said to be an unclean officer and was shunned, and was not a person who was lost to dating from others, but was leading to Neiro Bunmu Ryodo and had various back shields.
Such a social reputation had some influence, and he may have been recognized for his own cuts.

There is a historical site related to him, "Joken Ishide Monument", which is very related to Chuo-ku, at Chiba Sanseikoin Temple in Adachi-ku.
In the cemetery, a monument engraved with his father's record left behind by his eldest son is weathered and left, so when you reach Adachi-ku, visit this temple 365 years ago I would like to think about Temmacho prison mansion.

Tatsuji Asakura, "Edo Prison: Torture Real Record", Yuzankaku, 2003.
Satoru Sakurai, "Thinking about the placement of" executioners "with beheads-from the official statement to the old penal law-", "Core Ethics" Vol. 5, 2009. https://www.r-gscefs.jp/pdf/ce05/ss02.pdf (viewed on May 14, 2022).
Yaheiji Fuse "Temmacho prison: history of episode punishment" character Oraisha, 1968.
Akira Tanno, "Edo's famous magistrate", New character Oraisha, 2008.
"Musashi Abumi" is a comprehensive database of books Tateko, Waseda University.
https://www.wul.waseda.ac.jp/kotenseki/html/wo01/wo01_03753/ (viewed on June 14, 2022)