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"Famous Edo Hundred Views Ryogokubashi Okawabata" Hiroshige Utagawa National Diet Library Digital Collection

Before the great fire of the Meiryaku era, there was no bridge other than Senjuohashi on the Sumida River for defense of Edo. Many people who lost their escape due to the great fire of the Meiryaku era just without a bridge have died. More than 100,000 people. It was Ryogoku Bridge that such a disaster never happened again. In order to prevent the bridge from disappearing by fire, a plaza without buildings was created on Hashizume on both sides of the bridge, making it a fire-free area.

Ryogoku Bridge, which connects the commercial area of Nihonbashi with the craftsman town of Honjo and Fukagawa, is said to have been visited by 40,000 to 50,000 people a day. An embankment was formed in Hirokoji, and it became a downtown area.

The people who come and go across the Ryogoku Bridge are not the only people who work. There were many people who came to see restaurants and sights at Hirokoji Temple. The front side of the ukiyo-e above is Ryogoku Hirokoji Nishizume. You can see that there are simple shops in river’s edge. Hirokoji was a fire-removed area, so permanent stores were not allowed, and in the event of an emergency, it was a temporary floor view and a stall that could be cleared in a short time. It is said that there were sightsee huts showing light business and Joruri, hairdressing beds and mizucha shops, stalls such as sushi, tempura, soba, and street performers gathered.

In particular, when there was revelation and other places in Kaikoin, east of the bridge, they visited Kaikoin and laddered the sights at Hirokoji Temple in the east and west, and those who had good legs extended to Okuyama in Senso-ji Temple and enjoyed street performance.

In the town of Edo, diseases such as pox and measles were frequent. However, in February 1821 (Danbo-style) in February 1821 (Danbo-style) showed a dangerous epidemic like the recent corona. The severe pain, cough, and horror of the chest and belly are the main symptoms of colds, and children and the elderly are mild, but people between the ages of 24 and 5 to 50 are severely ill and dead. Many Edo craftsmen and small merchants earn daily money, and if they couldn't work for many days, they would be in need. Therefore, it seems that about 300,000 people who make a living through physical labor, such as stick hand shakes (a person who sells products such as fish and vegetables with a balance stick) were paid. At that time, the population of the town of Edo was less than 600,000, which means that quite a large number of people were infected. At the same time, pox was prevalent in children. Measles also spread from the previous year until March. A triple punch. 1821 was a year of plague. Measles and Danbo-styles are also popular in Yoshiwara, and they are closed for 21 days due to their agreement. Kabuki also opened the curtain, there were few spectators, and it was said that there were no quiet birds even though the public bath and hairdressing beds were open. It's the same situation as the COVID-19 pandemic. By the way, what is "Danbo-style" danbo? According to one theory, the trendy music that took place in Echigo at this time was named "Danbo-san, Danbo-san".

In such a year of the plague, Hitokob came to Nagasaki on a Dutch ship.

When he arrived, Mr. Dutch trading post obtained Rakudakan and tried to give it to the Shogunate, but he was refused and went around the country in the hands of a box office worker.

People's expectations are growing because they will be performing in Osaka and Kyoto in 1823 in Ise in 1824 and finally come to Edo in Nakasendo. In any case, "exotic rare beasts" is said to have "profits".

By the way, if you look at the picture of Rakudakan, you can remove poxia measles disease. ・If you put on a picture of the cameldakan, it will be a lightning protection. ・When the urine of Rakudakan was also a medicine for life-saving, Morisawa benefited.

Around 1824, the plague had calmed down and people wanted to go out to play. I understand this feeling well to us now. Moreover, since the memory of the plague is new, it seems that there is nothing to do if you can benefit from seeing the rare Rakudakan and prevent the disease.

The people who waited for a long time had already made a fuss from Itabashi, who arrived in Edo, and many people rushed to Itabashi to see it as soon as possible. haikai teacher Kato Hikioan, who lived in Itabashi, wrote in his essay "Gakui". It seems that he was able to see Dairakudakan in the backyard of the Toyota family, secondary inn in Hirao, Itabashi-juku Hirao, and the village headman in Hirao. It seems that he was able to touch it because he said, "It's a good way to touch it when rubbing it." To tell you, the Toyoda family in Hirao was the place where Isami Kondo of Shinsengumi was caught and imprisoned by the new government forces. Dairakudakan is also written on the explanation board of "Itabashi-juku Hirao secondary inn Toyoda Family Ruins".

Now, the Dairakudakan performance at Ryogoku Hirokoji will begin.

The entrance fee for the sights of Rakudakan at Ryogoku Hirokoji is 32 sentences per person. It's popular, sometimes more than 5,000 people a day.

In fact, there is another picture on the right side. I couldn't do it because of copyright. On the right side, there is a Dairakudakan, which eats radish leaves with a person blowing a flute on his back and lowers his neck to the ground. In this picture, it is a radish leaf, but it seems that he liked the white part. The audience seemed to be able to experience feeding radish, Satsuma potatoes, eggplants, etc. with 4 to 6 sentences. Rakudakan eats in the same way as cows, returns what you put in your stomach to your mouth and ruin. I also saw that he was hungry by eating only vegetables without giving grain to show that he was ruining. I want to see it because it's cute, but it's poor that I'm hungry.

The performers around the Rakudakan are Japanese in the form of Tangjin. It seems to have a foreign atmosphere by making makeup on the face. Irrespective of the Rakudakan and China, they would have been wearing Tangjin costumes even though they had a foreign atmosphere. He said that he went around the hall and showed it to the audience while singing the flute, drum, and triangle (iron drum). Dairakudakan does not perform flashy art, but only walks slowly, so it would have been necessary to bring it with gongs and drums as a sightsee. In particular, the triangle was unfamiliar in Japan, so it would have helped to create an exotic atmosphere.

The above "Rakudakannozu" was published at the time when Dairakudakan's performance began. Not only the picture but also the text drawn tightly is that the camels carry heavy luggage and walk long distances, the character is gentle and female friendship, longevity, the benefit of the camels, the difference between dromed camels and the camels. It is written. It was sold in a mazemono hut or a picture paper shop. I want this. It is a Nishiki-e that even those who have never seen it before will definitely want to go there.

In addition to the picture of Rakudakan instead of the profitable bill, a lot of Dairakudakan goods were also sold. Monkey-an's "Picture Book Dairakudakan" introduces the appearance of Dairakudakan Kogyo coming to Nagoya and the goods sold in a picture. I don't know if the exact same thing was sold in both countries because it's a story about Nagoya, but I'll write it for reference.

・Misyomono-e (Ukiyo-e, tag), a comb in the shape of a camellia, a doll of a camellia, and Hina doll (this looks like a modern change chick. It's lined with people in Tangjin and camels. It is said that it was sold at Juken stores), a folding fan with a camel body, a cigarette holder, a camel twin six, a camel body light, a camel body water bottle, etc.

The performance at Ryogoku Hirokoji has been postponed repeatedly, and it has been a long run for more than six months. It means that the box office income has reached 2,000 cars.

Even after leaving Edo, he traveled to Kanazawa, Nagoya, Osaka, Hiroshima, etc. again, and in the spring of Tempo 4 (1833), camels returned to Ryogoku Hirokoji again. About 10 years during this time. There was only one camellia. It seems that it has been performing in several places after Ryogoku Hirokoji in 1833, but the record has been lost since then. It may not have been an enthusiastic re-break at Ryogoku Hirokoji because only one camels, which seemed to look good and smiled with two couples.

Finally, I will put a song about Dairakudakan sung in "Kouta of Shinnaibushi" at that time. It is a song that makes you feel sorrow.

"I came to this country with T-cloth and came to this country in spring, and it was a gift of a hard priest, and it was drawn many times at the end of Musashi and many times on the day, and the camels were bitter. World,

All the way from a distance, the unseen married couple, leaving them to three-fold horses, and the temporary dwellings on the banks of Azumaja Sumida, and floating on drums and gongs.

Being deceived by resentment, shallowness and hardness, now he is worried about the bitter world, and the riverbank of the riverbank of Ryogoku Bridge, which is related to the water, and the world where he can not wane, the rain of tears, and the body of the castle is also very cows and gags, and I'm sorry. "

Monument at the site of Ryogoku Hirokoji Temple

[The nearest station] JR Bakurocho Station Toei Subway Higashi-Nihonbashi Station

[References]

"Edo's Best Places and Thinks", Makoto Takeuchi Education Publishing

"The World of Edo" Yutaka Kawazoe Iwanami Shinsho

"A camel came to Edo" Yutaka Kawazoe Iwanami Shoten

"Laughing and crying, the sun is living-Edo Monograph Towns" Izumisha of Mitsumasa Ono

"Picture Book Dairakudakan" Nagoya City Museum