Official

Explanation board of the ruins of Kamo Mabuchi Agatai in front of the drugstore on Cheongju Bridge Street near Meijiza. Kamono Mabuchi. If you are familiar with Shinto, you may know well. However, I studied with people in national studies in Japanese history, but I don't remember the details.…It wasn't the basis of nationalism during World War II. It's dangerous, but it's okay. Some people may pass by thinking. I thought so. How did people in the Edo period think of Kamono Mabuchi and Kokugaku?

Shikitei Sanma's Ukiyo bath is a humorous book popular with Edo townspeople. (For more information about Ukiyo-bath baths, refer to the previous blog "Sekitei Sanma no Edo no Mizu") In the ukiyo-bath volume, there is a conversation in the public bath between two women who seem to be Motoori Norinaga (a disciple of Kamono Mabuchi) and laugh with Ohohoho. The two names are Kamoko and Keriko. It's the end-of-life, isn't it? It's probably the name of the classic lover. It may be a three-day shaven to read "Uto Ho Monogatari". Keriko, who reads "The Tale of Genji" based on a new translation of Kamono Mabuchi and Motoori Norinaga's "Tama no Kogushi" but has not progressed easily. The names of classical books come out one after another. The scene of a battle with knowledge, such as the appearance of "Ukeragahana" by Chiin Kato, a Kamono Mabuchi master. However, it is a story that the child ends with praise without laughing at the strange waka that Keriko wrote seriously, "Umamono Abekawa Mochi is a good powder and lunch is good."

The only thing I found interesting when I read this story because I had little knowledge of classical music was that the two thought each other's intelligence without laughing at the last strange waka. However, probably, the townspeople of Edo were interesting because they had the knowledge of the classics that came out one after another while laughing at the fact that there were wind people who knew the national studies and classics. I think it's an episode that shows that Kokugaku was familiar enough to be tead in a humorous book.

In addition, Kyoka became popular at the same time as Kokugaku. Kyoka is the same 5777 phonological sentence as Waka, but while waka emphasizes taste and emotions, Kyoka mainly satires the world with humor. In order to make Kyoka, you must have a culture of waka and classical music. On top of that, I put laughter and satire. Uchitoo Motoori, the son-in-law of Ohira, adopted by Motoori Norinaga, was a national scholar, but when he was young he was also a fan singer named Hayami Tokihiki. Masamochi Ishikawa, who wrote the ancient dictionary "Magagonha" and annotations of The Tale of Genji, was also a mad singer named Meshimori Yadoyano. It is an interesting mad song name, but it seems that he was the son of a inn in Kodemmacho. It seems that some people were doing both national studies and kyoka. The people of Edo may have acquired knowledge of national studies and waka naturally in enjoying funny kyoka.

There is no illustration in the "Edo Famous Zoukai" in the late Edo period, but it is explained as "the land of Kamono Mabuchi Okinashiki". The fact that it is also included in the Edo Famous Zoukai, a guidebook covering the historic sites of Edo, probably some people came to this area at that time.

It was surprising that the difficult national studies and waka were familiar to the townspeople of Edo.

In order to maintain the shogunate clan system and order, Edo shogunate made Confucianism, especially Suzaku, a government study appropriate for it. Suzaku is defined as having a distinction between the top and bottom in the heavens and earth (the reason of the upper and lower limits), and while humming himself, suppressing private interest and emotions, He explained the necessity of keeping in mind the way of life (heartfulness).

Kokugaku is a discipline that criticizes Suzaku and seeks to find out the ancient Japanese national character and culture before Buddhism and Confucianism were introduced by learning classics. Kamono Mabuchi said that learning Manyoshu's waka should find a simple and easy spirit (high straight heart) and an ideal spirit in the masculine (masara oburi) manifested in the waka, and regain its unique spirit. Kamono Mabuchi's books include the study of "Manyo" Manyoshu's annotation "Kanji" pillows.

While Suzaku was a discipline from the top, Kokugaku can be said to be a discipline that has arisen from the private sector in response to it. That's why I think it was popular with Edo townspeople.

Figure of explanation board of Kamo Mabuchi Agatai

Kamono Mabuchi's parents' home was a priest at Okabe Shingu Kamo Shrine in Hamamatsu, so he named his last name Kamo and Mabuchi from his location Shikigun.

Mabuchi studied national studies from a young age and was taught by Azumaro Kadano in Kyoto. In 1750 (1750), he descended to Edo to serve Munetake Tayasu (the second child of Yoshimune Tokugawa). After retirement, in 1764 (1764), he rented a land of 100 tsubo from the Hosoda family of 500 stones in the current Hamacho. We rented a simple house called Agata residence. The eldest son of the Hosoda family was Eishi Chobunsai, an ukiyo-e artist who is said to have divided Utamaro Kitagawa and the popularity of beauty ukiyo-e. Eishi Chobunsai was still small when Kamono Mabuchi arrived, but Kamono Mabuchi's plain national studies may have had some influence on him who was the eldest son of a samurai but became an ukiyo-e artist. Kamono Mabuchi lived here until he died between the ages of 68 and 73.

Agatai is a state of making a garden like a countryside. The photo above is a sketch of the Agata residence. The main room is four and a half tatami mats. It is too narrow when the gatemen gather and perform singing parties, so if you take the enzashiki widely in the south and east and remove the fittings between them, you can use the four and a half tatami mats and the akizashiki as one room. Was.

The garden is dozens of tsubo. In the west, illuminated by the moonlight, the west raised a little soil and planted Wakamatsu around to create an anakura. Anakura is also depicted in the garden in the photo above. What is Anakura? Why? I hear this is ready for a big fire. You must have stored important things in the event of a fire and protected them from fire. Did you include your own work? It seems to be a town of Edo where there were many fires. The eastern part of Anakura was made like Nobe and fields, and there were green leaves and Nobiru was planted. It seems that there were two saplings and small cherry blossoms that had been dug from Mount Hakone.

There is a waka that was written at the moon viewing event on September 13 held in this Agata residence.

There is no geese on the moon shadow of the sky on the autumn night and the moon shadow of the sky (translates by the geese rings in the clear sunny autumn night and the moonlight shining in the sky)

In the wild, Agata's inn was rough and asked to come to see the moon. (Translation: Nobun blew and my home in the countryside was rough.) Who shall tell you to come to see the moon?

There are about 340 masters in Mabuchi. One third of them were women. I don't know how many people participated in this singing party, but I imagined a relaxed singing party where I wrote my favorite song regardless of gender.

"Elementary School Osamu Shimatsuzaka Night" 1943 National Diet Library Digital

I think the following is the cause of some people like me who think that the nationalistic thinking of national studies led to World War II.

Kamono Mabuchi's disciple Motoori Norinaga's song

"People who ask the Yamato spirit of Shikishima in the morning sun yamazakura flower"

When asked about what Yamatoshin is like to Han, who learns Chinese characters and is intoxicated by Chinese national culture and culture, Nobunaga knows the beauty of yamazakura flowers shining in the morning sun, and is impressed by its beauty. It's a song that describes your own heart to answer.

However, during the war, it was curvatured as a song that symbolizes the Bushido spirit of the entire Japanese people. The name of the Shinkaze Special Attack Corps Shikishima Corps, Yamato Corps, Asahi Corps, and yamazakura Corps were also named from this song. It was used to beautify the death of the war.

In addition, the story of "Matsuzaka's Night" that all those who were educated before and during the war know. (The photo above is a textbook of Osamu during the war) Do you know? I didn't know. In summary, "Motoori Norinaga, who lived in Matsuzaka, had long respected Kamono Mabuchi. At one time, Nobunaga hears that Mabuchi, who goes to Ise, passed Matsuzaka. I chased in a hurry but couldn't find it. However, I was able to meet Mabuchi on the way home of Ise, which I had never hoped for. Under the faint light of the inn where Mabuchi stayed, he learned the attitude toward learning and the importance of emphasizing the basics, and Nobunaga conveyed to Mabuchi the idea of Records of ancient matters's annotation. Mabuchi was old in Manyoshu's study and couldn't reach Records of ancient matters. I entrusted Records of ancient matters's research to my home if you could. They signed a teacher-student relationship and then exchanged letters, but they met only once. It was the night of once-in-a-lifetime encounter. Motoi completed Records of ancient matters's research over the next 35 years."

When this story was adopted in a textbook, "once-in-a-lifetime encounter's encounter" → "Importance of one class at a time" "35 years to complete" → It seems that it was a teaching material that taught "the importance of continuing to work hard even after school." However, his achievements in laying the foundations of learning were said to have built the Great Japanese Empire, and he was carried over before and during the war. After the war, all education and ideas had been denied. It seems that "Matsuzaka's Night" was also deleted from textbooks because Japanese education was bad.

[Explanation version of the ruins of Kamo Mabuchi Agatai] 1-chome, Nihonbashi-Hamacho, Cheongju Bridge Street　　

[The nearest station] Hamacho Station on the Toei Shinjuku Line

[References]

"Kamono Mabuchi" Yasutaka Saigusa Kikkawa Hirobunkan

"Mabuchi and Nobunaga-History and Truth of the Night of Matsuzaka-" Koji Tanaka Nakakou

"People: The History of Japan, 53 People Who Changed Japan" Naoyoshi Koya Gakken

Nobuhiro Nakazawa, Mitsuyoshi Ebisu, Publishing

"Eishi Chobunsai Exhibition Catalog" Chiba City Museum of Art

"Edo Famous Zoukai" Chikuma Gakugei Bunko