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Arrival at Kokan Shiba 53rd Tokaido (Nihonbashi)
I will divide the comparison of Kokan Shiba's 53rd Tokaido and Hiroshige's paintings in several times and introduce them on my blog based on my interpretation. This time, we will focus on Nihonbashi, the starting point of the Tokaido Highway in Hiroshige and the arrival point of Kohan.
The picture of Hiroshige on the left is Nihonbashi (morning view) which is the starting point of the Tokaido road heading from Edo to Kyoto. In the background, high billboards and bleaching fields are depicted, indicating that this is the southern end of Nihonbashi. It depicts the Feudal lord's procession of sankin kotai leaving Edo early in the morning, suitable for decorating the beginning of the series depicting the Tokaido. In addition, it depicts a group of fish carried with a balance rod finishes purchasing from the riverbank on the other side and goes out for peddling. The vibrancy of Nihonbashi in the early morning, which is the busiest in Edo, is conveyed.
On the other hand, the picture on the right is "Nihonbashi", the terminal point of the 53rd Tokaido on Kokan Shiba. In front of the left is the umbrella of Pattavia (now Indonesian), a Dutch valet. There is no historical fact that Patavians came to Edo, but it may have been drawn on behalf of the Dutch because it was known that the Dutch East India Company was occupying Indonesia. In addition, you can see the samurai of Nanban clothes in the center. Since the seal signature states "Saishu O Kamakura Shichirigahama", it is presumed that it was drawn when he lived in Kamakura from summer to autumn in 1813. Since Edo Sanfu, the chief of Dutch trading post, continued until 1850, when Hiroshige painted the Tokaido 53rd, Nagasakiya existed in Kokumachi and the Dutch Edo Sanfu continued. The Netherlands ran an East India Company and hired Pattavia people, so it may have come to appear thinking that it would be strange to stay in Japan. The Shogunate did not expose Dutch people to the general public from a security point of view, so it may have brought Patavians to the emergence of a Dutch atmosphere.
There is a theory that Hiroshige's original picture of the 53rd Tokaido is the 53rd Tokaido of "Kokan Shiba". One is the Pattavian people, one is too different from the stick gesture. Why is it?
Edo Sanfu of Capitan (Director Dutch trading post)
Since the audience with Ieyasu Tokugawa at Sunpu in Keicho 14 (1609), Nicholas Bike, the director of the trading house, it has been held irregularly until the Edo Sanfu once a spring is regularized every year from Kanei 10 (1633). Was. After being revised once every four years with the halving of trade transactions in Kansei 2 (1790), Edo Sanfu continued until Kaei 3 (1850) and was held for a total of 166 times. .
Initially, it was customary to leave Nagasaki at the end of the previous year, arrive in Edo, and worship the general. From the first year of Kanbun (1661), it has become customary to leave Dejima on New Year's Day and worship on March 15 or 15. The return to Nagasaki was around May and June, and the required number of days was usually about 90 days. The number of the party was 59 by rule, actually more than nominal.
After the Kansei period (from 1789 to 1801), which was once every four years, Edo Sanfu was given a verb (interpreter, usually Japanese) with half of the offerings of the Sanfu year during the Sanfu holiday. ) Was taking over. Since the picture of Nihonbashi in Kokan Shiba was drawn in 1813, Edo Sanfu was once every four years, and it seems that the frequency of seeing capitan in Nihonbashi was decreasing. Also, while staying at Nagasakiya, the officials of the general contractor and the concentric of the town magistrate's office were closely monitored day and night, and the contact between the general public and the Dutch was also carried out in the presence of officials. Shokan Choichi would not have been seen frequently in the city only during an audience with the generals.
Even if Patavians come to Japan, it would be very rare or rare to see them in the city like the picture of Jianghan. I think it was written by imagination.
On the other hand, Hiroshige's paintings are said to be produced from 1834 to 35 years. Kapitan's Edo Sanfu was suspended in 1850, so the Kapitan's Sanfu will end in about three times. Even if I imitate the picture of Kohan as the original picture, I could not afford to draw without seeing the actual human beings, but I had to give up drawing Patavians and draw a stick hand from the fish shore.
Profile of Kokan Shiba
Kokan Shiba was born and raised in Shiba Shinsenza (currently Higashi-Shimbashi 2-chome, Minato-ku) in 1747. . The last name of "Shima" is named after Shiba Shinsenza. Ehan, who encountered his father's death at the age of 15 in 1761, studied with Minobu Kano of Kano school Surugadai, and became an ukiyo-e artist as a student of Harunobu Suzuki at the age of 19. At the age of 25 in the middle of the Meiwa era, he studied Western painting with the introduction of Gennai Hiraga, and studied under Ryotaku Maeno and Naotake Onoda, who met through him, and became a Western-style painting and a Ukiyo-e artist.
In the spring of Tenmei 18 (1788), when I was 42 years old, I copied the "Jaiyo World Map" possessed by a surgeon Stut tool from Dutch trading post, who was visiting Edo. I am on a trip to Nagasaki on April 23 of the same year. Kohan, who did not know west of Fujisawa, was impressed by the appearance of Mount Fuji, and later painted many Mount Fuji. The spirit of "copying as you see", which captures the scenery you saw during your trip, is similar to the painting of the 53rd Tokaido in Kohan. I stayed in Nagasaki for more than a month and had many experiences such as boarding a Dutch ship and whaling.
After working as a fake artist of Harunobu Suzuki, who died in 1770, until the first year of Yasunaga, he wrote a Nishiki-e under the name of `` Nisei Harunobu Suzuki '', gradually standing alone and drawing Ukiyo-e and Western paintings under the name of `` Harushige '' . In 1788, Kohan, who played in Nagasaki, turned into Buddhist monk and entered Dejima, a Dutch mansion.
References and Image Source
Kokan Shiba "The Truth of the 53rd Tokaido": Shodensha by Chunun